Taiwanese Word Pronunciation

Taiwanese-Word Pronunciation
Learn French & Taiwanese

by Dr. Keahioong Liim, Madame Lisa Liim, and M. Moise Boulingrin

to Reading Practice, Taiwanese text 1~6 to EDUTECH-T

to Lesson 1, Lesson 2, Lesson 3, Lesson 4, Lesson 5, Lesson 6,

to French text 1~6 , toA Quick Guide to Pronouncing TMSS

Wait till special French characters substitute the temporary character "?".

Examples of Taiwanese word are all from the texts 1~6
Voyelles Simples, Voyelles Nasales Arrière, Sons Gènèraux,Voyelles Nasales,
Sons Nasaux Avant, Voyelles Complexes, Voyelles Nasales Avant

Voyelles Simples (Simple Vowels)

Taïwanais	a	e	i	o	o	u	m	ng
Français	[a]	[è]	[i]	[o]	[oe]	[ou]	[m']	[gn']
Ton Normal	a	e	i	o	o	u	m	ng
Ton Elever	af	ef	y	of	of	w	mf	ngf
Ton Courber	aa	ee	ii	oo	oo	uu	mm	ngg
Ton Relacher	ax	ex	ix	ox	ox	ux	mx	ngx
Ton Appuyer	ar	ea	ie	or	or	uo	mr	ngr
Ton Bas-Court	aq	eq	iq	oq	oq	uq	mq	ngq
Ton Haut-Court	ah	eh	ih	oh	oh	uh	mh	ngh

Lire Taïwanais	Prononcer Français	Prononcer Comme
a	a, à	carte, là
e	e~, ei, ai, et, è	avec, pleine, clair, et
i & y	i, y	vite, ami, cycle
o	o, au, eau, ô	botte, doner
0 = o	oe	oeuf, peur, soeur
u & w	ou	nous, vous, soupe
m	--	--
ng	--	--

[a]. . . . . . . . . . a, af, aa, ax, ar, aq, ah

(Tone) Fundamental Raised Bend Depressed Pushed-out L-Stop H-Stop

     a . . . svapurn, ka, kapy, ma,
     af . . svaf, bafta, salaf, daflax, zafpng, min'afzaix, kin'afjit, ~khaf
     aa . . (zhaa )
     ax . . daflax
     ar . . y'ar, toh'ar, gauzar, ham'ar, o'ar, kam'ar, lai'ar, tho'ar, chiafm'ar
           gyn'ar, hi'ar, citmar
     aq . . baq, koebaq, gubaq, tibaq, viubaq, khaq-hor, aq, si⁺aq. laq
     ah . . phahsvoax

[ e ] . . . . . . . . . . e, ef, ee, ex, ea, eq, eh

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

     e . . . lemon-zuie, kio'e, koanhe
     ef . . zef, hef, kef
     ee . . ee, cidee, nngxee, cit'ee, hit'ee, angtee, legtee, hee
     ex . . kaotex, koankex
     ea . . keasiok, brandea, keasiaux, bea, taotea, keatheeng-chiaf
     eq . . zheq, koankongkheq, leq, teq
     eh . . theh, peh

[ i ] . . . . . . . . . i, y, ii, ix, ie, iq, ih

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

     i . . . . ti, zabji, si, mxsi, Ytaixli, kipurn, tibaq, hi'ar, hibang, iafsi
     y . . . . y, siensvy, hauxsvy, guny, kapy, bypng, hopvy,
     ii . . . . hii, thngsii, tiorhii, cvii, sofsii
     ix . . . . six, zabsix, jixzap, khix, mixpaw, chixviuu, taixcix, zuo'ix, tong'ix,
             lixkhuy
     ie . . . . lie, uiskie, bielu, cieju, siezap, pviecviaa
     iq . . . . miqkvia
     ih . . . . symmih, mih

[ o ] . . . . . . . . . o, of, oo, ox, or, (oq, oh)

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

     o . . . go, hvo ?, zapo'laang, ho, ho⁺goar, ciokoleito, thomato
     of . . . khof, zapof, zabof'laang, sofzai, phofthofng
     oo . . . hoo !
     ox . . . goxee, goxzap, hvox, zhox
     or . . . sorda-zuie, zabor

[ o ] . . . . . . . . o, of, oo, ox, or, oq, oh

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

o . . . tosia, o'ar, tho'ar, to'ar, hopvy, boboeq, bo'aix, to
of . . tofui, tof'cidee, sofsii
oo . . boo, phuthoo
ox . . khox, pox
or . . hor, cviahor, torpeeng, phoxngkor
oq . . toq
oh . . toh'ar, koh

[ u ] . . . . . . . . u, w, uu, ux, uo, (uq, uh)

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

     u . . .   u, hogbu, phuthoo, phutho'ciuo, pulin, cieju, gubaq, gupaai, guny,
             jiafmu
     w . . . longhw, lwkoarn, zwnpi
     uu . . . hanzuu,
     ux . . . zhux, huxkin, hoanhux
     uo . . . zuo, zuo'ix

[m ] . . . . . . . . m, (mf, mm), mx, (mr, mq, mh)

(Tone) Fundamental Raised Bend Depressed Pushed-out L-Stop H-Stop

m . . . m,
mx . . . mxsi, mxthafng, mxhor

[ ng ] . . . . . . ng, (ngf), ngg, ngx, (ngr, ngq, ngh)

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

     ng . . .   nng, png, zafpng, cien'nng
     ngg . . . zhngg, binzhngg
     ngx . . . nngxee, nngxliaau

_à_Voyelles Simples
Voyelles Nasales Arrière (Rear nasal vowels)

a -->	am	an	ang
e -->	-	-	eng
i -->	im & ym	in & yn	-
o -->	-	-	ong
u -->	-	un & wn	-

[ am ] . . . . am, afm, aam, axm, arm, ab, ap

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

     am . . . ham'ar, kam'ar,
     afm . . zhafm
     aam . . (taam)
     axm . . (axm)
     arm . . armtngx,
     ab . . . zab'id, zabji, jixzab'ee, kab
     ap . . . zap, jixzap, svazap siezap

[ an ] . . . . . an, afn, aan, axn, arn, ad, at

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

     an . . . anzeng, zhanthviaf, zhanzngf, brandea, hanzuu,
     afn . .   boafn'afn, tiongkafn,
     aan . .   (aan)
     axn . .   toaxhaxn, soeahaxn,
     arn . .   larn, sioftarn, tarn,
     ad . . . kefngzhad
     at . . .   (uxlat)

[ ang ] . . ang, afng, aang, axng, arng, ag, ak

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

     ang . .    cit'hang, tangphvoa, angtee, cit'nngxhang, hit'hang, hibang,
               pangkefng,
     afng . . oexthafng,
     aang . . laang, aang-tee, phaang, zapo'laang, zabof'laang, sviaflaang,
               thoeapaang,
     axng . . oextaxng, boextaxng, saxng
     arng . .   pharng,
     ag . . . . . hagsefng, lag'ee
     ak . . .    lak, toexlak

[ eng ] . . . eng, efng, eeng, exng, erng, eg, ek

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

      eng . . Engkog, anzeng, peng'kapy, bexngleng,
     efng . . tefngbin, hagsefng, kefngzhad, pangkefng, ~ kefng, egkefng,
              hogbu-sefng,
     eeng . . cviarpeeng, torpeeng, keatheeng-chiaf
     exng . . lexnggoa, bexngleng
     erng . . terng, kioterng, y'ar-terng, zerngkox, lerng
     eg . . . legtee, seg, egkefng
     ek . . . lek-tee, soea'ek

[ im ] . . . . . . im, ym, iim, ixm, irm, ib, ip

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

     im . . . aisukrim,
     ym . .   hoat'ym, symmih
     iim . .   ciim
     ixm . . (cixm)
     irm . .   (acirm)
     ib . . .   (tioqkib)
     ip . . .   liexnsip, jip⁺khix

[ in ] . . . . . . . in, yn, iin, ixn, irn, id, it

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

     in . . . laixbin, tefngbin, huxkin, pulin, kinciof, exbin, binzhngg, min'arzaix,
     yn . . gyn'ar, yn,
     iin . . (siin)
     ixn . . (sixn)
     irn . . lirn,
     id . . . cidkoar, cidjit, cidee, zab'id, toexid, thau'cidpae, cidpoef, cidniar,
             cidsiafng, cidciaq, cidboea
     it . .     sitlea, cit'ee, hit'ee, cit, cit'hang, hitkhoarn, cidjit, kin'afjit, citmar,
             chitzap, jit, jit⁺sii,

[ ong ] . . ong, ofng, oong, oxng, orng, og, ok

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

      ong . .    koankongkheq, tong'ix,
     ofng . . kofng'oe, phofthofng,
     oong . . (koong)
     oxng . . phoxngkor, toxngsuu, zo'toxngsuu,
     orng . . korng, mxkorng, lemorng, lorng, beikorng
     og . . .   kog, Hoatkog, Engkog, Bykog, Tiongkog, hogbu
     ok . . .   (kokkoaf)

[ un ] . . . . . . un, wn, uun, uxn, urn, ud, ut

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

     un . . . hofngbun, bunhoad, koeahun.
     wn . .   zwnpi
     uun . . viukuun,
     uxn . . (khuxn)
     urn . .   svapurn, kipurn, zhurnchioq, toaxkhurn, soeakhurn,
     ud . . . zhud⁺khix
     ut . .     zhutkhix

Sons Gènèraux (General Sounds)

	a	e	i	o	o	u	m	ng
b	ba	be	bi	bo	bo	bu	~	~
c	~	~	ci	~	~	~	~	~
ch	~	~	chi	~	~	~	~	~
g	ga	ge	gi	go	go	gu	~	~
h	ha	he	hi	ho	ho	hu	hm	hng
j	~	je	ji	jo	~	~	~	~
k	ka	ke	ki	ko	ko	ku	~	kng
kh	kha	khe	khi	kho	kho	khu	~	khng
l	la	le	li	lo	lo	lu	~	~
m	ma	me	mi	mo	mo	mu	~	mng
n	na	ne	ni	no	no	nu	~	nng
p	pa	pe	pi	po	po	pu	~	png
ph	pha	phe	phi	pho	pho	phu	~	phmg
s	sa	se	si	so	so	su	~	sng
t	ta	te	ti	to	to	tu	~	tng
th	tha	the	thi	tho	tho	thu	~	thng
z	za	ze	~	zo	zo	zu	~	zng
zh	zha	zhe	~	zho	zho	zhu	~	zhng

Sons Nasaux Arrière (Rear nasal sounds)

	am	an	*ang*	*eng*	im	in	*ong*	un
b	~	ban	bang	beng	~	bin	bong	bun
c	~	~	~	~	cim	cin	~	~
ch	~	~	~	~	chim	chin	~	~
g	gam	gan	gang	geng	gim	gin	~	gun
h	ham	han	hang	heng	him	hin	hong	hun
j	~	~	~	~	jim	jin	~	jun
k	kam	kan	kang	keng	kim	kin	kong	kun
kh	kham	khan	khang	kheng	khim	khiu	khong	khun
l	lam	lan	lang	leng	lim	lin	long	lun
p	~	pan	pang	peng	~	pin	pong	pun
ph	~	phan	phang	pheng	~	phin	phong	phun
s	sam	san	sang	seng	sim	sin	song	sun
t	tam	tan	tang	teng	tim	tin	tong	tun
th	tham	than	thang	theng	thim	thin	thong	thun
z	zam	zan	zang	zeng	~	~	zong	zun
zh	zham	zhan	zhang	zheng	~	~	zhong	zhun

Sons Nasaux Avant (Front nasal sounds)

	a	e	i	o
v	va	ve	vi	vo
cv	~	~	cvi	~
chv	~	~	chvi	~
gv	gva	gve	gvi	gvo
hv	hva	hve	hvi	hvo
kv	kva	kve	kvi	kvo
khv	khva	khve	khvi	khvo
pv	pva	pve	pvi	pvo
phv	phva	phve	phvi	phvo
sv	sva	sve	svi	svo
tv	tva	tve	tvi	tvo
thv	thva	thve	thvi	thvo
zv	zva	zve	~	zvo
zhv	zhva	zhve	~	zhvo

Voyelles Complexes (Complex Vowels)

Taïwanais	ai	au	ia	iau	io	iu	iam	iang
Français	[aille]	[aw']	[ya]	[yaw']	[yoe]	[you]	[yam']	[iangn']
Ton Normal	ai	au	ia	iau	io	iu	iam	iang
Ton Elever	ay	aw	iaf	iaw	iof	iw	iafm	iafng
Ton Courber	aai	aau	iaa	iaau	ioo	iuu	iaam	iaang
Ton Relacher	aix	aux	iax	iaux	iox	iux	iaxm	iaxng
Ton Appuyer	ae	ao	iar	iao	ior	iuo	iarm	iarng
Ton Bas-Court	aiq	auq	iaq	iauq	ioq	iuq	iab	iag
Ton Haut-Court	aih	auh	iah	iauh	ioh	iuh	iap	iak

_ _ _

Taïwanais	ien	iong	oa	oai	oe	oe	oan	ui
Français	[èn']	[yongn']	[oa]	[oaille]	[oue]	[é]	[oan']	[oui]
Ton Normal	ien	iong	oa	oai	oe	oe	oan	ui
Ton Elever	iefn	iofng	oaf	oay	oef	oef	oafn	uy
Ton Courber	ieen	ioong	oaa	oaai	oee	oee	oaan	uii
Ton Relacher	iexn	ioxng	oax	oaix	oex	oex	oaxn	uix
Ton Appuyer	iern	iorng	oar	oae	oea	oea	oarn	uie
Ton Bas-Court	ied	iog	oaq	oaiq	oeq	oeq	oad	uiq
Ton Haut-Court	iet	iok	oah	oaih	oeh	oeh	oat	uih

a -->	ai	au	-	-
i -->	ia	iau	i0 = io	iu
.	iam	iang	ien	iong
o -->	oa	oai	oe	oan
u -->	ui	-	-	-

Voyelles Nasales Avant (Front nasal vowels)

va -->	vai	vau	-
ve -->	-	-	-
vi -->	via	viau	viu
vo -->	voa	voai	-

[ ai ] . . . . . . . ai, ay, aai, aix, ae, (aiq, aih)

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

     ai . . . .   lai, sofzai, zaiviar, aisuktirm,
     ay . . . . (hayzuie)
     aai . . . . laai, gupaai,
     aix . . . . laixbin, Ytaixli-oe, thaethaix, aix, Jidpurn-zhaix, zhvezhaix, bo'aix,
               taixcix, maix, min'afzaix,
     ae . . . .   zaehoe, thaethaix, paethog, kaesiau, liawkae, kaeloah, sae⁺zhutkhix

[ au ] . . . . . . au, aw, aau, aux, ao, (auq, auh)

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

     au . . . . gauzar, jien'au, thau'cidpiexn,
     aw . . . . kaw'ee, zabkaw'ee, mixpaw, zhawmuii, zhawtoe-laang,
     aau . . . .jixlaau, svalaau, sielaau,
     aux . . . hauxsvy, pykaux, kaux,
     ao . . . . kao, zabkao, kaotex, taotea, tiuxzhao

[ ia ] . . . . . . . ia, iaf, iaa, iax, iar, iaq, iah

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

     ia . . .   tosia, cviahor, cviajoah, khiabea,
     iaf . .   hiaf, ciaf, zhanthviaf, jiafmu, oaisiafzu, iafsi, sviaflaang, chiaf,
     iaa . .   tviaa, cviaa, tviaa, pviecviaa, zoxcviaa,
     iax . .    (pviax)
     iar . .   siofciar, chviar, zabof'kviar, zaiviar, citniar, cidniar, pviar,
     iaq . .   ciaqpng, cidciaq,
     iah . . (toexid iah)

[ iau ] . . . . iau, iaw, iaau, iaux, iao, (iauq, iauh)

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

     iau . . . . kaesiau,
     iaw . . .   liawkae,
     iaau . . . cidliaau, sieliaau, cidtiaau, soeatiaau, hittiaau,
     iaux . . . keasiaux,
     iao . . . . siaolieen, siaotvoaf

[ io ] . . . . . . . io, iof, ioo, iox, ior, ioq, ioh

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

    io . . .   kioterng, kio'e,
    iof . .   siofciar, kinciof, hociof, sioftarn,
    ioo . .   kioo, koeakioo,
    iox . .   tiox, kiox
    ior . .   khaq-cior, tiorhii, tiortioh
    ioq . . zhurnchioq,
    ioh . . tioh, tiortioh,

[ iu ] . . . . . iu, iw, iuu, iux, iuo, (iuq, iuh)

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

     iu . . . . chiu, viubaq, viukuun,
     iw . . .   (ciwzuix)
     iuu . . . chixviuu,
     iux . . . tiuxzhao

[ iam ] . . iam, iafm, iaam, iaxm, iarm, iab, iap

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

     iam . . . (hoefiam)
     iafm . . chiafm'ar,
     iaam . . iaam,
     iaxm . . (tiaxm)
     iarm . . kiarm, tiarm'oaan, chid-tiarm
     iab . . . kofciab, ciab
     iap . . . cidliap

[ iang ] iang, iafng, iaang, iaxng, iarng, iag, iak

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

     iang . . siangpein,
     iafng . . cidsiafng,
     iaang . . (liaang)
     iaxng . . (siaxng)
     iarng . . (jiarng)
     iag . . . (piag)
     iak . . . (piakbaq)

[ ien ] . . . . . . ien, iefn, ieen, iexn, iern, ied, iet

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

      ien . .    siensvy, jien'au, cien'nng,
     iefn . . ciefn, siefn,
     ieen . . siaolieen,
     iexn . . thau'cidpiexn, liexnsip, hiexntai
     iern . . biern,
     ied . . . (zhorngsied)
     iet . . . (hunpiet)

[ iong ] . . iong,iofng,ioong,ioxng,iorng,iog,iok

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

      iong . . Tiongkog,
     iofng . . (iofngkvia)
     ioong . . huisioong,
     ioxng . . ioxngsuu,
     iorng . . (iorng)
     iog . . .   (kherngciog)
     iok . . .   keasiok, khaq-siok,

[ oa ] . . . . oa, oaf, oaa, oax, oar, oaq, oah

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

     oa . . .   tangphvoa, hoahuix, lexnggoa,
     oaf . .   siaotvoaf
     oax . .   khvoax, joaxzoe, toaxkhurn, toaxhaxn, toaxboea, phahsvoax
     oar . . goar, goarn, cidkoar, pvoarsek,
     oaq . . (oaqlaang)
     oah . . cviajoah, karloah,

[ oai ] . . . oai, oay, oaai, oaix, oae, (oaiq, oaih)

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

     oai . . . . oaisiafzu, `
     oay . . . . (oay)
     oaai . . . .(hvoaai)
     oaix . . . .(koaix)
     oae . . . . (iwkoae)

[ oe ] . . . . . oe, oef, oee, oex, oea, oeq, oeh

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

     oe . . . oe, Hoatkog-oe, symmih'oe, zaehoe,
     oef . .   cidpoef,
     oee . .   (oee !)
     oex . .   (oeasoex)
     oea . .   (oea !)
     oeq . .   (hoeq)
     oeh . .   (kea'oeh)

[ oe ] . . . . . oe, oef, oee, oex, oea, oeq, oeh

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

oe . . .   toe, boe, koe'nngxkof, koebaq, joaxzoe,
oef . .    koefcie,
oee . .   oee,
oex . .   toexid, oexthafng, oextaxng, koex⁺khix, boextaxng,
oea . . . soeatiaau, soeahaxn. soeaboea, toaxboea, cidboea, koeakioo,
             soeakhutn, thoeapaang
oeq . .   poeq, zabpoeq, boeq, boboeq,
oeh . .   poeh'ee, zabpoeh'ee,

[ oan ] . . oan, oafn, oaan, oaxn, oarn, oad, oat

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

     oan . . . koankongkheq, koanhe, hoanhux
     oafn . .   boafn'afn,
    oaan . . Taioaan-oe, tiarm'oaan,
     oaxn . . (keasoaxn)
    oarn . . goarn, zoarn, hitkhoarn, tof'cidkhoarn, lwkoarn, symmih'khoarn
     oad . . . bunhoad
     oat . . . Hoatkog,

[ ui ] . . . . . . . . . ui, uy, uii, uix, uie, (uiq, uih)

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

     ui . . . . tofui, huisioong, uiskie, ui, `
     uy . . . tuy, kuy'ee, lixkhuy
     uii . . . .zhawmuii,
     uix . . . .hoahuix
     uie . . . suie, zuie, sotda-zuie

à _Voyelles Complex
Voyelles Nasales Avan (Front Nasal Vowels)

[va]. . . . . . . . va, vaf, vaa, vax, var, (vaq,vah)

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

[ vai ] . . . . . . vai, vay, vaai, vaix, vae,(vaiq, vaih)

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

[ vau ] . . . . vau, vaw, vaau, vaux, vao,(vauq,vauh)

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

[ ve ] . . . . . . ve, vef, vee, vex, vea, veq, veh

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

[ vi ] . . . . . . . . vi, vy, vii, vix, vie, viq, vih

(Tone) Fundamental Raised Bend Depressed Pushed-out L-Stop H-Stop

[ via ] . . . . via, viaf, viaa, viax, viar, viaq, viah

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

[ viau ] . viau,viaw,viaau,viaux,viao, (viauq,viauh)

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

[ viu ] . . . viu, viw, viuu, viux, viuo, (viuq, viuh)

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

[ vo ] . . . . . vo, vof, voo, vox, vor, voq, voh

(Tone) Fundamental Raised Bend Depressed Pushed-out L-Stop H-Stop

[ voa ] . voa, voaf, voaa, voax, voar, voaq, voah

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

[ voai ] voai,voay,voaai,voaix,voae,voaiq,voaih

(Ton) Normal Elever Courber Relacher Appuyer Bas-Court Haut-Court

à _Front nasal vowels

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Taiwanese Word Pronunciation December 31, 1999