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MLT/TMSS
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±ÀÂË TMSS
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4.MLT/TMSS«áªº¥x»y¤å¤ñ¸û
Esperanto»y
5.¸ê°T®É¥N
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6.·s¥@¬öªº»y¨¥¾Ç²ß»P°ê»Ú·¾³q
¥xÆW¸Ü,°Ý©Mµª
¡´ ¡÷¥x»y¤åª© | ¡´¡÷²{¥N¤å«e´º | ¡´¡÷EDUTECH |
ºK n:±ý±Ä¥Î¥xÆW¸Ü¨Ó°µ¸ê°T¬ì¾Ç¬ã¨sªº¾ÇªÌ,©y¨Æ¥ýÁA¸Ñ¥x»yªº¥»½è¤ÎI´º¨Æ¹ê¡C
_ ì¨Ó¥xÆW¸Ü¬Oº~ðµ»P¦Ê¶Vµªº¿Ä¦XÅé¡C ¤f»yªº©¾¹ê°Oz,¦³¿à©ó¡uµ¦r¡v¡C _ ¤@¦V,¥x»yµ¦r¦³¦Ê¦~«e°_ªº¡u±Ð·|ù°¨¦rµ¼Ðªk¡v©M¤w¦³¤»¤Q¦~ªº¡u²{¥N«÷¦rªk(TMSS, Taiwanese Modern Spelling System)¡v; §¡¥Î¬°¥x»y¤åªº°ò¥Û¡C_¦ý¬°°ê¤ºªº¤@¯ë®Ñ¼g,º~¦r»Pµ¦r¬Û²Vªº¡uµº~²V¦X¤å¡v¬O³Ì¬°¥i¦æªº¡C _ n§Q¥Î¤w«Ø¥ßªº¼Ú¬ü¸ê°T¬ì§Þ,¥x»yªº»y¤å¨t²Î©y±Ä¥Î¥þ«÷¦r²{¥N¤å (MLT/TMSS, Modern Literal Taiwanese by TMSS),¨ä¤¤ªº«÷¦r»yÃã¬O¦p¦P©Ò¦³¨ä¥L¥Á±Úªº»y¤å,ªì¾ÇªÌ¦hŪ±Ð§÷´N¯à¦ÛµM°O°_¨Ó®Ñ¼gªº¤å¦r¨t²Î¡C _ ±q¤p¦b®ü¥~ªø¤j¦Ó¤£À´¥x»yªº¤H,¦]¬°¤ß¤¤¨S¦³ÓÓ¥x»yÃ㪺µoµ,´N¤£¯à¥Îµ¼Ð¼g¥X¤å³¹,«o¯àI°O¥x»y«÷¦r¨Ó¾Ç²ß¥BÁA¸Ñ¥xÆW¸Ü,¹q¸£¤]¦p¦¹¡C _ ¥xÆW¤f»y,Á׶}¥j¤å¤Î¸ÖÃã,¨ã¦³¤åªk²¼ä¦Ó³W«h¤Æªº¯SÂI,¾A¦X©ó¦Û°Ê¸ÑªR(syntactic analysis)¡C¥Î¤ß©ó¤f»y¤åªkªºFormal-MLT,±N¤]¯à¦¨¬°°ê»Ú¤Æªº»y¨¥,¬Æ¦Ü¦¨¬°·s¥@¬öªº°ê»Ú¦@³q»y,¦pEsperanto»y¡C |
«e
¨¥
¡Å_¤Z¬Oª`·N¹L±`¨£º~¦rªº¥x»yµªº¤H,
³£Å¥»¡¹L¬Y¤@Óµoµ¬O³oÓ¦rªºº~µ,¸Üµµ¥¸Ü¡C ¦p, "¤H"¦r¦³ "¼Ä¤H" ¤¤ªºµoµ,
©M "¦n¤H" ¤¤ªºµoµ¡C ¦b¤Uªí¤¤, §Ú̬°Æ[©À¤Wªº¤è«K, §â³o¨Ç¤À¬°¡uº~ðµ¡v©M¡u¦Ê¶Vµ¡v¡C
ªí¤@¡Åº~¦rªº¥x»yµoµ
¡Å¡@¡@¡Å
_
|
___
Esperanto | A | B | C | C^ | D | E | F | G | G^ | H | H^ | I |
Phahji (Esperanto) | A | B | C | Ch | D | E | F | G | Gh | H | Hh | I |
Ji-miaa (Esp.) | [a] | [bo] | [zo] | [chio] | [do] | [e] | [fo] | [go] | [jio] | [ho] | [Ho] | [i] |
_TMSS | A | B | C | Ch | (D) | E | (F) | G | - | H | - | I |
Ji-miaa (MLT) | [a] | [by] | [cy] | [chy] | [ied] | [e] | [ef] | [gi] | - | [hy] | - | [i] |
Esperanto | J | J^ | K | (K) | L | M | N | O | - | P | (P) | - |
Phahji (Esperanto) | J | Jh | K | (K) | L | M | N | O | - | P | (P) | - |
Ji-miaa (Esp.) | [io] | [jo] | [ko] | (kho) | [lo] | [mo] | [no] | [o] | - | [po] | (pho) | - |
_TMSS | (I) | J | K | Kh | L | M | N | O | O | P | Ph | (Q) |
Ji-miaa (MLT) | [ - ] | [ji] | [ky] | [khy] | [ly] | [my] | [ny] | [o] | (o) | [py] | [phy\ | [kiuq] |
Esperanto | R | S | S^ | T | (T) | U | UV | V | - | - | - | Z | (Z) |
Phahji (Esperanto) | R | S | Sh | T | (T) | U | Ù | V | - | - | - | Z | (Z) |
Ji-miaa (Esp.) | [ro] | [so] | [sho] | [to] | (tho) | [u] | [wo] | [vo] | - | - | - | [jwo] | (zho) |
_TMSS_ | (R) | S | Sh | T | Th | U | (O,U) | (V) | (W) | (X) | (Y) | Z | Zh |
Ji-miaa (MLT) | [ar] | [sy] | [shy] | [ty] | [thy] | [u] | [-] | [viw] | [w] | [ex] | [y] | [zef] | [zheq] |
ªí¤C¡Å²{¥N«÷¦r¤¤¤£µoÁnªº¦r¥À
ªí¥ÜÁn½Õ¦Ó¤£µoÁnªº ¦r¥À
____________f q r x |
»óµ¦r¥À
______v |
ªí¥Ü«Pµªº¦r¥À¡@
______d g h k p q t |
ªí¤K¡Åµº~²V¦X¤å¤¤³Ì±`¨£ªº«÷¦rÃã
¤¶¨tÃã:_ee__kab__koq__ho__ka__tuix__tuy__ti__ui__eng__liah__
______ciaq__ciu =_to__lorng =ctof__ia = ma__lieen__na__nar ______iafsi__ar__mxkuo__naxboo__tngf__tvaf__tvaciaq__soax §U°Êµü:_aix_mxaix_boeq_m_aeboeq_boboeq_teq_tehboeq ______u__boo__thafng__mxthafng__tioh = toh__kvar__mxkvar ______oe___oextaxng___oexthafng___oexhiao___oexsae ______boe__boextaxng__boexthafng__boexhiao__boexsae ______laai__mxlaai__khix__mxkhix ¥N¦Wµü:__goar__lie__y__yi__goarn__larn__lirn__yn__ ______zef__hef__cit'ee__hit'ee__ciah'ee__hiah'ee__tag'ee = muy'ee ______symmih__sviaflaang__tofui__tangsii__zvayviu = ui-symmih ______afnnar__afnny__cit'ho__citkhoarn__cittex__citciaq__citthox ______ciaf__hiaf__cittaq__hittaq ±µÀYÃã:__cviaa-__cyn-__ciog-__khaq-__zoex-__siang-__sviw- ______cvianiq'~__ciahniq'~__hiahniq'~__u- = ux~__boo- = bo~_ ±µ§ÀÃã:__-teq__-tioh__-kaux__-gaq__-hof__-hor ______-laai__-khix__-loqlaai__-loqkhix__-cviulaai__-cviukhix ______-khylix__-hor__-bai = -mai__-mxtioh__-boo__-botioh ______-bokaux__-boexlaai__-boexkhix__-boextioh |
2. Ãö©ó¥þ«÷¦r²{¥N¤å
MLT
/ TMSS
(Modern
Literal Taiwanese by TMSS)
TMSS (Taiwanese
Modern Spelling System, ¥x»y²{¥N«÷¦rªk)
=
1943¦~®É,
¥ý (1)¦Ò¹î¥x»y±`¥ÎÃ㪺¦X²z«÷¼gªk, ¦Ó¥Ñ¦¹ (2)¬d¥X¨ä¤¤¦@¦Pªºµ¯À(phonemes)
¤§«á, ¤~¨Ó (3)«÷¥X©Ò¦³º~»yÃ㪺³æ¦rªº¤èªk¡C
¥i¥H»¡³o¬O¦p¦P©Ò¦³¼Ú¬ü»y¨¥ªº¡uµ¯À¥¿¦rªk(phonemic
spelling method)¡v¡C
ªí¤E¡Å¥x»y²{¥N«÷¦rªº²£¥Í¸g¾ú
±Ð·|ù°¨¦rªº¥Î¦rì«h
+ ¥x»y±`¥ÎÃ㪺¦X²z«÷¼gªk
______________________¢|¡÷¦h¼Æ±`¥ÎÃ㪺³æ¦r(1943~) ¢w¢{ __ _ __ _ _____________ _ ___________¦@¦Pªºµ¯À(phonemes)_ __ _ ___________(¥Ì¬°ÀMªª®v: "·Hªùµ·s¦r¨å")¡õ ________________________________©Ò¦³¥x»y»yÃ㪺³æ¦r |
ªí¤Q¡Å¥x»y²{¥N¤åMLTªº½T¥ß¸g¹L
¼Ú¬ü¤åÃÀ§@«~¡÷¥x»y½Ķ(1949~)
¢w¢w¢w¢w¢{
_ __ _ _______²{¥N¥xÆW¤H ªº ¤f»y¤åªk ¡ö¢w¢}_ __________________¢xTMSS(Taiwanese Modern Spelling __________________¡õ ______System,¥x»y²{¥N«÷¦rªk) _______________MLT (Modern Literal Taiwanese, ¥x»y²{¥N¤å) |
__¡· ¦P¬°¡u¥xÆW¸Ü¡v¤§¤@ªº«È®a¸Ü,
Y¸g¾úÃþ¦ü¤W¤Gªíªº¹Lµ{, ¤]¯àÂ\²æù°¨¦rµ¼Ðªº²{ª¬, ¦Ó«Ø¥ß «È®a¸Ü ªº MLT/TMSS¡C
_
__¡· ¥t¥~ ®õ¶®º¸¸Ü¡B¸¯º¿Äõ¸Ü¡B¥¬¹A¸Ü
¤Î ±ÆÆW¸Ü ¥|ºØ¡u¥xÆW¸Ü¡v¤w¦³¬Û·í§¹¾ãªº MLT/TMSS¡C
_
MLT/TMSS
ªº ¥Î³~
ªí¤Q¤@¡Å¥þ«÷¦r²{¥N¤åªº³q±`¥Î³~
(1)
¬° ¥¼ÃѺ~¦rªºÅªªÌ
......¤p¾Ç¥H¤U ªº ¥®µ£, ¥H¤Î ¼Ú¬ü¤H¤h¡C
(2) ¨D ¤è«K,¹ê¥Î¤Î§Ö³t ........ ³t°O ¥´¦r, ¥H¤Î ½s¼g ªì®× ¤å¡C (3) ¬°º~¦r ª`µ, ¬d ¦r¨å¡C (4) §t ¤j¶q ¥~¤å³N»y ªº ±M·~ ¬ì§Þ½×¤å ªº ½s¼g¡C (5) °ê»Úºô¸ô,±Ð¾Çºô¸ô,¹q¤l³q«H,¤Î°ê»Ú·¾³q¥Î¤å¥ó¡C |
¡³¡@¤»¤Q¦~¨Ó ªº ·sÆ[©À
ªí¤Q¤G¡Å»yÃ㬰°ò¥Ûªº¥xÆW¸Ü__
__ __
¡·¥xÆW¸Ü¥Ñ"¸Ü"¨Ó²Õ¦¨
______"¸Ü" ¬O ¬J¦s¦Ó¤½»{ ªº ³æ»y (word = "Ãã")¡C ______¡@¡@µL»Ý Ä~Äò °µ ²Õ¦Xº~¦r ªº ¹CÀ¸¡C ___ ¡÷ ¥@¤W¦UºØ»y¨¥¹ï¥x»yªºÃã¨å ¡÷ ¤¬¬Û½Ķ¤F¸Ñ ___ ¡÷ ¨Ï ¥x»yÃã»P¥~¨ÓÃã, ¥¦æ¦Ó¦P¦ì --- _¡· إߥ¿·íªº±Ð¨|Åé¨t (µ¯À) _______²z©ÀÆ[©À¡ö¡÷¥x»yÃã¡ö¡÷¾ãÃ㪺µ·P ______¨Ò:___democracy ............. ___binzuo .................. __imhuo ____________ a rat .................... ___niawzhuo ............. __bwluo ___________ a bird's nest .......... ___ciawsiu ................. _ iawsiu ___________ _charming ................ ___aekiaw ................. _ koaeniaw ___ ¡÷ ¥®µ£ ÃѦr±Ð¨| = »{ÃÑ ¥x»yµ¯À »P µoµ ___ ¡÷ °ê¥Á±Ð¨| ½T¥ß ¥¿½T ªº Æ[©À,²z©À = ¾Ç²ß »yÃã»P»yªk |
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¥x»y¤å®Ñ³B²z¨t²Î
__¡·__DBMS ¢w »yÃã±Æ§Ç,¤ÀÃþ,¬d´M __¡· ¦Û°Ê½Ķ(machine translation) __¡· »yµÀË©w, ²M¤Æ, ÓÅé§O±j¤Æ __¡· ¦Û°Êªø¤åºKn,«D½u«¬¤Æ,»yªk¸ÑªR __¡· ÂåÀø¶EÂ_,µoÁn¥\¯àªÈ¥¿ __¡· ¤å®Ñ¹q¸£®Ô»w¾÷ |
_
|
1. ©ö¾Ç, ¤å¦r³æ¯Â
ªí¤Q¤¡ÅTMSS»PEsperantoªº¥Î¦r¤ñ¸û
__ _
-_ | [ Esperanto»y ] ¹ï¡@¥x »y MLT/TMSS |
³æ¥Àµ | [ a e i o u ] ¹ï a e i o o u m ng |
½Æ¥Àµ | [ aj ej ij
oj uj ja je ji jo
ju au¡@
eu
iu ou uu
ua ue ui uo ] ¹ïai au ia iau io iu oa oai oe ui |
«á»ó¥Àµ | [ am an
em en im in om
on¡@ um un ajn ejn
ijn ujn ojn ] ¹ïam
an ang eng im in iam iang
ien un ong oan |
Ãþ«Pµ | [ ab eb ib ob ub;
ac µ¥; acµ¥;
adµ¥;
agµ¥;
agµ¥
ahµ¥;
ahµ¥;
akµ¥;
alµ¥;
apµ¥;
arµ¥;
asµ¥;
asµ¥;
atµ¥;
av
µ¥;
azµ¥]
¹ï
ah eh ih oh uh aq eq iq oq uq ab ap ad at eg ek ib ip id it iab iap iag iak ied iet ud ut og ok oad oat |
¤l µ | [ b- c- d- f- g- h- j- k- l- m- n - p- s- t- v- z-} ¹ïb- c- g- h- j- k- l- m- n- p- s- t- z- |
¯S§O¤lµ | [ c- g- h- j- s- br- sc- fl- fr- gr- kl- kn- pf- pl- pr- sl- st- tr- str-] ¹ïch- kh- ph- th- zh- |
»ó¤lµ | [ ¨S¦³ ] ¹ïcv- chv gv- hv- kv- khv- pv- phv- sv- tv- thv- zv- zhv |
¤£¥Îªº¤lµ¦r | [ q w x y ¤£¦b¤l¥Àªí¤¤ ] |
¤£µoÁnªº¤lµ¦r | [ ¨S¦³ ] ¹ïd f q r v x ¤£·í¬°¤lµ¦r |
2. ²¤Æ ¤£³W«h©Ê»yÃãÅܤÆ
ªí¤Q¤»¡ÅTMSS»PEsperantoªº»yÃã§ÎºA¤ñ¸û
__ _
-_ | ¡]Esperanto»y¡^ ¹ï¡@¥x »y MLT/TMSS |
«a µü | [ la ] ¹ï¨S¦³«aµü |
¦W µü | [ »y§À -o, ¦p amo ] ¹ï¤@¯ë»yÃã ¥i¥Î¬° ¦Wµü ¦p aix ( ·R ) |
§Î®eµü | [ »y§À -a, ¦p ama ] ¹ï¨Ï¥Î ¡ã ee, ¦p aix ee; ©Î±Ä¥Î ²Õ¦XÃã§ÎºA aix-zeeng = aezeeng |
½Æ ¼Æ | [ ½Æ¼Æ »y§À -j , ¦p:
tiu --> tiuj, amiko --> amikoj
bela knabino --> belaj knabinoj ] ¹ï ¥Î ½Æ¼ÆÃã hiah'ee, ¦p: peng'iuo --> hiah'ee peng'iuo suie-koniuu --> hiah'ee suie-koniuu |
°Æ µü | [ »y§À -e ,
¦p ame (©ñ¦b°Êµü«á)] ¹ï
¦p ae'aix-ar, ©Î chiongmoar aix khix (©ñ¦b°Êµü¤§«e) |
°Ê µü | [ ¥H¯S©w»y§À ¤À¿ë, ¦p: ¤£©w¦¡:
_ami
(»y§À -i); ²{¦b¶i¦æ¦¡:
amas
(»y§À -as); ¹L¥h¦¡:
_ami
(»y§À -i); ¥¼¨Ó¦¡:
_amos
(»y§À -os); °²©w¦¡:
_amus
(»y§À -us); ©R¥O¦¡:_amu
(»y§À -u)] ¹ï
¤£©w¦¡ ¦P©ó ì»yÃã, ¨ä¥L ¥[ "§U°Êµü" ©ó«e¡C ²{¦b¶i¦æ¦¡: teq aix; ¹L¥h¦¡: _ bad aix; ¥¼¨Ó¦¡: tehboeq aix; °²©w¦¡:_ na aix; ©R¥O¦¡: _tioh aix |
¥N¦Wµü | [ mi vi
li, si ni vj
ili ] ¹ï
goar lie y, yi goarn, larn lirn yn |
¦X¦¨»y | [ ¦p: scribi + tablo --> scribtablo ] ¹ïsiafji ee toq --> siarji-toq |
¥Øªº®æ | [ A de B
(la tablo de scribo) ] ¹ïB
ee A = B-A
[ ¦p: batas bonan hundon (»y§À -n)] ¹ïka hor-kao phaq. |
£¼__
3. ¤åªk¤Îºc¤å, ²¼ä¦Ó©T©w
ªí¤Q¤C¡ÅTMSS»PEsperantoªº°ò¥»§Î¦¡¤åªk¤ñ¸û
__ _
¥D »y
|| z »y
[ Infano ludas.] ¹ïGyn'ar
teq chitthoo.
¥D »y || z »y | «È »y [ Mi batas hundon.] ¹ïGoar teq phaq kawar. ¥D »y || z »y \ ¥D»y¸É»y [Mi estas sana.] ¹ïGoar u iofngkvia. ¥D »y || z »y | «È »y \ «È»y¸É»y [ Si estas tre bela knabino.] ¹ïYi si cviaa-suie ee gyn'ar. ¥D »y+ || z »y+ | «È »y \ «È»y¸É»y+ ( + ªí¥Ü ¥iªþ¥[ ×¹¢»y ) [ Oni nomas lian lingvon Esperanto.] ¹ïLaang kiox y ee gwbuun zox Seakaix-guo. [ Oni elektis lin prezidanto de nia socito.] ¹ï Laang soarn y (zox) goarn-hiabhoe ee hoextviuo. [ La bela birdo kantas tre agrable.] ¹ïSuie ee ciawar chviux-gaq cviaa-khoaelok. [ Mi ami nian nevon Johanon. ] ¹ïGoar bad aix goarn-tidar Iok'han. |
__
¸ê°T®É¥N ªº ·s ¦ÛµM»y¨¥(natural
language)
__¡·
¥x»y¤å®Ñ³B²z¨t²Î
__¡· DBMS ¢w »yÃã±Æ§Ç,¤ÀÃþ,¬d´M __¡· ¦Û°Ê½Ķ(machine translation) __¡· »yµÀË©w, ²M¤Æ, ÓÅé§O±j¤Æ __¡· ¦Û°Êªø¤åºKn,«D½u«¬¤Æ,»yªk¸ÑªR __¡· ÂåÀø¶EÂ_,µoÁn¥\¯àªÈ¥¿ __¡· ¤å®Ñ¹q¸£®Ô»w¾÷ |
¥þ«÷¦r²{¥N¤åªºµøÅ¥®Ô»w |
¥¿²Îªº¥x»y¾Ç²ß,
¦P©ó^»yªº¾Ç²ß, Å¥¦Ñ®vŪ½Ò¥»¦Ó¼Ò¥éµÛ¤ÏÂЮÔŪ, ´N¦ÛµM¾Ç¨ìµ©M¦r¡C
³oÓ¥x»y¾Ç²ßªk, ¯S§O¹ï¤£²ßºDÁ¿¥x»yªº¤H, «Ü¦³®Ä¡C
¡··s¥@¬öªº»y¨¥¾Ç²ß»P°ê»Ú·¾³q
__
[ Æ[
¹î ]
1.
¦b "«Dº~¦rªÀ·|" ªº ®ü¥~, ¨àµ£ªºº~¦r¤å±Ð¨|, ·¥¬°§xÃø¡C
2.
¨Ì·Ó ¤U¦C ªº °ê¥Á±Ð¨|µ{§Ç, ¥ý»{ÃÑABC©Ô¤B¦r¥À, ¾Ç±o©Ô¤B«÷
¦r ©M ©Ô¤B«÷¦rªº¥À»y¤åŪ¼g, µM«á¤~¾Ç²ßº~¦r, ¨Ã¤£ºC¡C
ªí¤Q¤K¡Å°ê¥Á±Ð¨|µ{§Ç__
¡Õ¦~ÄÖ¡Ö¡@
0 ¡@ 1 ¡@ 2¡@ 3 ¡@ 4 ¡@ 5 ¡@
6 ¡@ 7 ¡@ 8 9
10 11 12
13
__ __ ¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w ¥® ¸X ¶é ¶i ¤p ¾Ç ¶i¤¤¾Ç __ __ ¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w ¡Õ©Ò¾Ç»y¨¥¡Ö ¡@¥À¡@ »y¡@¡@ ¡@¶m¡@ »y¡@¡@ ³q ¥Î »y¡EµØ »y ¡@ ¡@ ¥~ »y ¡Õ©Ò¾Ç»y¤å¡Ö ¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@ABC¦r¥À¥À»y¤å ¡@µº~²V¦X¤å¡@º~¦r¤å ¥~ ¤å ¡Õ©Ò¬Ý¹Ï®Ñ¡Ö ¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¨àµ£¹Ï®Ñ¡@ ¯q´¼®ÑÄy_¡@¤½¥Á®ÑÄy ¡@¤å¤Æ®ÑÄy ¡@¡@¡@¡@¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w ¢w¢w¢w¢w ¡Õ»y¤å§Î¦¡¡Ö¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@ ±¡·P©Ê ¡E ¶m¤g©Ê ¡@¨Æ°È©Ê ¡E ±M·~©Ê ¡@¡@¡@¡@¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w ¡Õº~¦r¦r¼Æ¡Ö ¡@0 ¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@ 3¡ã4(©m¦W) ¡@ ¡@ ¡ã1000¡@¡@ ¡ã1500 ¡ã2000 |
ªí¤Q¤E¡Å¥x»yªºFormal-MLT ·í¬°°ê»Ú»y¤å·¾³q´CÅé __
___
|
|
¥xÆW¸Ü,°Ý©Mµª |
|
Q:_¥x»y»P¥xÆW¸Ü¦³¦ó®t§O?
A: ¥x»y
¹ï ¥xÆW¸Ü = ^»y ¹ï ^°ê¸Ü,¬ü°ê¸Ü,·Rº¸Äõ¸Ü¡C
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