Sorpah'nii-laai Taioaan-laang ciofng Tongtiaau-cieen ykefng khaklip ee Harnbuun, tngzøx bunsw iong'guo ar kehkhuy ti khawguo-cy-goa.   Cit'ee anpaai, cid'hongbin ho Harnji-bunthea ittit pøfchii-tiøh cidzhefng-goaxnii-cieen ee hengseg, ar cid'hongbin køq ho Taioaan-khawguo u chionghwn zuxiuu ee khongkafn khix hoattiern.    Larn kin'afjit teq korng ee Taioaan-oe ciuxsi afnny hoattiern-zhutlaai  ee Taioaan-khawguo.   Zef si Taioaan-laang pengsioong seng'oah-siong sor-sw'iong ee gwgieen, si u zengkarm ar mxkoarn hengseg ee, khioksi chiongboarn-tioh svymia-lat ee gwgieen.

    Ti hiexnkym kokzex khøky bunbeeng-siaxhoe-tiofng, Taioaan-laang bøeq sengzuun, tekkhag tiøh kiernlip-khie øexthafng kab kithvaf binzok svaf-pexngheeng ee, kaki ee siaxhoe-bunhoax-theahe.    Bunhoax ee ikux si gwgieen, ar hiexntai-siaxhoe ee eng'un, ciu tiøh oafkhøx hiexntai-hoax ee gwbuun-hexthorng.   Taioaan-oe , tuliao øexthafng eng zhuolie-hoauxleeng cviaa-ke tt Harnji-buun laai piawtat ygoa, iao thafng sw'iong ynai 27-ee jixbuo ee Hiexntai-bunsw-hoad.    Ti zusixn-sitain+nih, Taioaan-laang øexthafng ynai laai kiernlip-zhud høhaai ar chiongmoar-tiøh oaqlat ee siaxhoe-tegsuu ee bunsw-hoad, ciuxsi cit'ee Hiexntai-bunsw-hoad.

    Taioaan-oe engkay tiøh afnnar tiexnnao-hoax ee gibun, ti parntiau Harnji-buun kab bøhah bunsw-hengthaix ee oimpiaw-kiehø-hoad y'au, ciu øe zuxjieen kaykoad.

    Suxsit-siong larn na phofphiexn zhay'iong Hiexntai-bunsw-hoad, Taioaan-oe ee tiexnnao-oax ee buxntøee ciu cviazøx kab Engguo ee tiexnnao-hoax oanzoaan siøkang, hef kyjieen cviaa-zuxjieen køq si zoadtuix khøfheeng ee laq.    Aubie kokkog ti køeakhix jixzap-nii-laai, uitiøh cit'ee sor-khaihoad ee tiexnnao-hoax-kileeng, ciu thafng zoanpvoaa lixiong laai kiernlip Taioaan ee zusixn-siaxhoe.

    Zusixn-sitai ee Taioaan-oe-gwbuun, tiøh sw'iong Hiexntai-bunsw-hoad.    Zef si øexthafng kab Engbuun, Hoatbuun, Tekbuun terng, svapie ee cviarkuy ee bunswhoad.    Y ee zhay'iong, su'iaux ti kaoiok-zeato-siong, zøx cidkoafar syn ee siuzexng.   Cviarkuy ee Taiguo-kaoiok øe chinchviu Engbuun-Hoatbuun ee kaoiok, iuu gwsuu-tvoaji (word-spelling) ee piexnjin kab kie'eg khaisie.   Larn kiøx "fly" zøx hosiin, ciu mxkoarn y eng symmih Harnji laai siafzhud, ar kantvaf kietiaau y kiørzøx hosiin.    Kaxngkhoarn, tiøh kieteq sengkhw ee uxntong u kviaa, thiaux, khia, zao, theeng terng.

    Afnny øexhiao tvoaji, ia tongsii tiøh jixmbad Taiguo ee gwhoad, chinchviu  ciofng "I go to school" kofngzøx Goar khix haghau, køq cixn-cidpo hagsip Taiguo ee bunhoad, liawkae symmih'zexngheeng-
ha  tiøh piern'voa toxngsuu ee khix, kofngzøx bøeq khix,teq khix, tehbøeq khix, bøo khix, m khix ykip khiekaux tefngterng, afnny exnglaai kiefnlip Taiguo-bunge ee kizhor.

    Larn thafng kithai, zu søeahaxn ciu afnny siuxtiøh cviarkuy-Taiguo-kaoiok ee kim'au ee Taioaan-
gyn'ar, cionglaai øe chinchviu kithvaf bunbeeng-kokkaf ee gyn'ar, tiogpo eng ABC-jixbuo ee pengji laai siar Taiguo ee øexkux, ia øe cviaa-kirn ciu sw'iong Engbuun-tvafji-ky iafsi kokseg ee bunsw-zhuolie-ky laai siafji, sixmcix siafzhud huhap yn ee nileeng ee bunge-zokphirn.    Larn tekkhag øe suntiøh sitai cirnpo ee tiauliuu, ionghap tiexnnao-khøky ti kokzu ee seng'oah, kangzog ykip zhorngzog-senggaai ee tiongkafn.    Cit'ee sii, Taioaan-oe ciu ykefng sidcid-siong teq tiexnnao-hoax laq.

     Taioaan-oe ee tiexnnao-hoax tuix bixlaai ee kokkaf-hoattiern, u bøextaxng haxnliong ee efnghiorng-lat.    Ti Tiongkog-taixliok, sornii-cieen ciu khaisie ee Harnguo-pengji-hoax ee thuitong, ia tiøqgarn ti binzok ee hiexntai-hoax kab kokzex-hoax.   Hef u sengkofng iar bøo, iao tiøh tafnteq koanzhad.    Pakkviaf-oe ee gw'ym bøo-chinchviu Taiguo ee gw'ym ciahniq'bengkhag køq bøe-hamhoo, ar nngxee gwsuu pviecviaa siøkang pengji ee taixcix thaix-sioong, si yn ee lantøee.   Taiguo ee Hiexntai-bunsw-hoad sor-ternglip ee bunhoad kab gwhoad ee thefhe, ho Taioaan-oe-buun cviazøx øexthafng kab Aubie ee gwbuun sioxngthee-pexnglun, zef ti purn-luxnbuun-tiofng øexthafng thafng khvoarzhud.

    Pwnbuun ui Taioaan-laang kim'au ti kokzex-siong ee hoattiern, u thesi-tiøh Taioaan-oe ee tiexnnao-hoax ee cikoafarsidcid ee giefnkiux-honghioxng.   Ngrbang iwcix ti zusixn-khøky ee tonghiofng øe hiabtoong laai tharmthør.

   Larn øexthafng ti cit'ee thørlun-tiofng khvoarzhud, Taioaan-gwbuun ee tiexnnao-hoax mxsi kantvaf si bøeq afnnar ciofng Taioaan-oe ti tiexnnao-siong hiefnsi-zhudlaai køq ixn⁺zhutlaai ee buntøee naxtvia.   Ti zusixn-khøky-siong, gwbuun tekkhag tiøh huhap "cidee ji cidee tiexnsix-mar" ee toa-goanzeg.    Afnny ciaq øe iciaux hiexntai ee zusixn-khøky ee khaihoad-zhusex laai thuitiern Taioaan-gwbuun ee hiexntai-hoax.

    Gwbuun, it'hioxng si bunhoax bøeq iensiok ee ikux. Jukym, huhap-tiøh zusixn-khøky ee gwbuun-thefzex, cviazøx kay-binzok ti bixlaai jinlui-siaxhoe-tiofng bøeq kab kithvaf binzok pexngkiefn hoattiern ee koankien-tiaukvia.    Taioaan-oe ee Hiexntai-bunsw-hoad ykefng ui Taioaan-laang khaithog-zhud cit'ee khøfleeng-sexng laq.

2.  Taioaan-oe ee Bunsw-Zhwlyky

    Taiguo ee Hiexntai-bunsw-hoad eng haxliet ee Taiguo-jixbuo-su (Taiwanese alphabet) laai siafzhud Taioaan-oe ee gwsuu (word).
 

    Ciah'ee 27-jixbuo-tiofng,.Øø-ji taixpiao-tiøh Taiguo "øx'ar" ee thau'cidee ym; si impiaw-ji.
Ti itpvoaf ee bunsw-tiofng, eng Oo zhuotai.    Lexnggoa, Engbuun ee Vv, sw'iong siathea-ji, y pwnsyn iafsi lieen ti zw'ym-ji ee auxbin, ciu piawhien-zhud Taiguo teg'iuo ee phvixym.   Ti kiehø-ji hongbin, zhaputtøf kab Engbuun-tiofng ee kiehø-ji juu "'!@#$%^&*()_+[]{}/;:
<>'?/., terng, lorng siøkang.
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2a.  Zoaan-Pengji-buun ee Tiehui-heeng Bunsw-zhwlyky

     Tiehui-heeng ee tøexid-po si ho tiexnnao øe zuxtong gienphvoax lie sor-tvafjip ee muy'cidee gwsuu ee pengji (word-spelling) øe hoatzhud zhørgo ee sirnhø-sviaf, iafsi cixn-cidpo iciaux lie ee sukiuu laai ka lie kayzexng zhørji.

    Uitiøh cit'ee bogtek, zhwlyky-lai tekkhag tiøh u kaogiah ionglap sorbaxn'ee piauzurn Taiguo siong'iong-gwsuu ee kie'eg-thea, exnglaai cip'heeng pytuix.      Cip'heeng cit'ee pytuix ee sikii si ti lie anjip space, return, ikip . , ; : - " ? ] } teng ee sizun.

     Kab Engbuun ee tiehui-heeng bunsw-zhwlyky siøsiang, pytuix si tuix zerngkøx ee gwsuu laai cip'heeng ee.    Mxkuo iu'u Taiguo Hiexntai-bunsw-hoad ee pengji-tegsexng, zef thafng cixn-cidpo tuix cidkoar tegteng ee tø'imzad habseeng-suu, anpaai eng nngfthea laai hunseg gwsuu ee laigoaan, kaytuu zoafntiau laai zøx goalaai ee kog-imzad.

    Citkhoarn, kafntafn thafng hunkae gwsuu-imzad laai pytuix ee tviuhap, u tidlieen zoxsuu ee toxngsuu, kab tidlieen honghioxng-suu ee bengsuu.    Tiexnnao iuu ciah'ee habseeng-suu ee subøea-hengthaix laai jixmseg citkvia su, ciaq laai cip'heeng hunkae.    Subøea-zoxsuu u ~teq, ~tiøh, ~laai, ~khix, ~tiau, ~hør, ~soaq, ~zhud, ~khie, ~jip, ~khuy, ~kaux  tefngterng, ar subøea-honghioxng-suu u ~e, ~sioing, ~khaf, ~lai, ~siong tefngterng.    Afnny, bøeq ka hef chiettng ee sii, ciu ykefng zaiviar hitkux si toxngsuu iafsi bengsuu laq.     Sucieen-huosuu ia siøkaang, zef u cid~, nngx~, sva~, sie~, gox~, lag~, chit~, pøeq~, kaw~, zab~ terng ee sorsuu kab cit~, hit~ terng ee taixbengsuu.
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2b.  Harnji-buun Bunsw-zhwlyky

    Ui bøeq phiensiar Ym-Haxn-huxnhap-seg ee buncviw, larn su'iaux u Harnji-jixmar ee bunsw-zhwlyky.    Uixtiøh cit'ee, Jidpurn-laang ykefng u siongtofng ee khaihoad.     Pitciar bad ti 1988-nii-zhof eng taixiog cidzhefng Bykym ti Jidpurn korbøea cidtaai, ittit exnglaai phiensiar bunsw ia zøx tuozog.     Hittaai-laixbin u 6879-ji ee Jidseg Harnji, kab u thafng siafjip 94ø-ji ee zuxzø-Harnji ee khongkafn.

    Ti ciaf, Harnji sw'iong 4-ui-sortix laai kiørzhud.    Taxnsi, ma thafng eng  Jidguo ee jixym laai kiørzhud cid'poxhun ee tong'id-gw'ym ee Harnji.    Zef si pie sortix khaq-hongpien ee kiørhoad, mxkuo lie tiøh bad Harnji ee Jidguo-hoat'ym.    Jidbuun ee Harnji-jix'ym bøkaux 4oo-ciorng, sofie cidpae kiøx-zhutlaai ee Harnji, ofng'orng zøe-kaux cid'nngxpaq-ji, jien'au it'id soafnteg, siongtofng mahoaan.    Na si Hiexntai-pengji ee Taiguo, ciu thafng hunpien-zhud 31oo-goa-ciorng ee bøkang pengji ee ym.  tekkhag si cviaa-koaan hauxlut ee.    Jidpurn-sex ee bunsw-zhwlyky ia øexthafng eng zerngkux Jidbuun ee hoat'ym laai kiørzhud zøe-Harnji ee gwkux.    In'ui Jidguo cviazøe si kaxng'ym-bøkang-iesux ee jixkux, sofie kiørzhud-y'au iao tiøh keasiok soafnteg, ciaq thafng soarn-kaux.     Taiguo kegciør citkhoarn ee kaxng'ym-bøkang-iegix ee jixkux, sofie khaq-mxbiern zøx citkhoarn ee soafnteg.

    In'ui Jidpurn Kanggiap Kuikeq (JIS)-tiofng ee Harnji, suijieen paukoad u Taixhak, Luxnguo terng Kofsw-tiofng ee Harnji, khiog bøhah hiexntai Hoaguo-tiofng ee jixgarn, juu lie, larn, lexnggoa, leq? maq? kafsuo, par!, papaf, phoxng, uxn, kaux(kaogiah) terng.    Sofie bøealaai y'au, iao tiøh cviaa-sinkhor khix zøxzhud Hoaguo-Harnji, ciaq øextaxng sw'iong.    Khaq-toa ee buxntøee si kiørji tiøh eng Jidguo, sofie bøexhiao Jidguo ciu bøextaxng kiøx Ji laq.

     Ti Taioaan (1989), u cidkefng kongsy zeazø-køex po-pho-mo kiøx-ji ee thafng-kvoa ee Tiongbuun bunsw-zhwlyky.    Khøfsiøq, bunhoax kangzog-ciar ykip hagsefng  ee tiongkafn, bø'u bunsw-zhwlie ee koanliam, ciu bøextaxng liuheeng laq.

3.  Tiexnnao Torng'axn Zhwlie

  Taixkef bøeq bøea bii-tiexnnao, taixkhaix lorng si uixbøeq kiernlip bofciorng zuliau ee torng'axn-
hexthorng.    Zef paukoad jinsu-zuliau, zaibu-zuliau, safnphirn zuliau, goanliau khorzuun-zuliau terng ee zuntoxng-kielok.    Koarng⁺laai, hef ciu chinchviu si cidpurn suisii thafng kaytexng ee tiexn'oe-pho, kiesu-pho, toxsukoarn-zongsw-hunlui-khax.    Syn-zexngkaf ee zuliau, iuu kiexnpvoaa sujip, afnny ciu zuxtong ka y sekgii anpaai laai thwzhuun⁺khylaai, køq u su aebøeq zhasuun ee sii ciu thafng surnkafn zhøextiøh sor-bøeh'aix ee zuliau ykip iwkoafn ee haxngbok, ka y tiefnsi⁺zhutlaai iafsi liedixn⁺zhutlaai.    Ti tongkym ee kangsiofng-khiegiap-tiofng, tixnnao torng'axn-hexthorng si bøexthafng hekkhoad ee hengzexng koafnlie kangkhu.

    Ykefng siu-khaihoad cviuxchi ee bii-tiexnnao zuliau koafnlie-hexthorng ee nngfthea cviazøe, kiørzøx DBMS (Data-Base Management System).     Ti khøky-giefnkiux-siong, goarn u su'iaux uixtiøh bof'cidkoar tegsuu serngcid ee zuliau, juu hoarhak-kngphor, laai sietkex-zhud zoan'iong ee DBMS, taxnsi ui itpvoaf ee kangsiofng khiegiap-kaix, bøea cidee chisiong sor-bøe ee, laai cviazøx zhut'hoad-tiarm si kaogiah thafng eng ee laq.

    Ti  Tiexnnao-torng'axn-tiofng sor-zunlok ee, u kok'heeng ee sorkux-zuliau, ia u bengmar-zuliau kab bidmar-zuliau.    Bengmar-zuliau ciuxsi chinchviu langmiaa, tøexmiaa, budphirn-miaa tefngterng, kiøx-zhutlaai cide thak, ciu thafng liawkae ee jixzhoaxn,  ar bidmar-zuliau ciuxsi uixtiøh cietserng kielok ee muithea-khongkafn laai eng cidee jixbuo iafsi cidee sortit laai tiaxpiao bor-cidkoar tegteng ee suxbu ee kielok;  thongsioong si ti sujip-cieen ykefng pienmar (encoding)-hør ee, ia u ciofng bengmar siarjip-kaux zuxtong pienmar-thengseg, kiøx tiexnnao kaypiexn-zøx bidmar-zuliau ee.    Ti suxau bøeq tiefnsi-sii, ia zaix-keng'iuu kaymar (decoding) ee thengseg laai zoafnhoee zøx øexthafng khvoarzay ee bengmar.

     DBMS mxna paukoad-tiøh iuu kiexnpvoaa pvoasoar zuliau kaux kie'eg-thea ee, sofui ee zuntoxng-thengseg, ykip ikux sor-anjip ee kiexnguo (keyword) khix zhøexzhud zuliau ee zhatoxng-thngseg, ia paukoad-tiøh ti tiennao-viafbo-siong ykip pørpiør-zoar-siong sekgii pienpaai ee liedixn-thengseg.    Ciah'ee ygoa, ia u øe-kie'eg zorpaq-sorzhefng ee zuliau, arnciaux suxnsu tengpaai+khylaai ee paisu-thengseg ykip iciaux sor-cyteng ee sorhak-kuizeg khix piernkafng zuliau-tit ee sorhak-thengseg tefngterng.

    Ti ciah'ee thengseg-tiofng sor-oafkhøx ee, si sorkux-zuliau ee toaxsiør-koanhe kab jixmar-zuliau ee jixbuo-suxnsu.    Cit'ee hoxciar, ciu kab sofeng zusixn ee gwgieen pengji-hoad iwkoafn laq.

     Na si jixkux sofeng ee si Harnji, ciu kørkøx Harnji ee bofciorng pienhø ciu cviazøx pailiet suxnsu ee ikux.    Cit'ee pienhø, kiørzøx "Kauvoa-bea", ti bøkaang ee tiexnnao-siong ittit bøextaxng thofng'id.    Giabciar iaokiuu zernghuo kynkirn hoatleng kui'oeh laai ho zusixn-giap thafng u sor'pinkux, khiog zernghuo ittit thoa'ieen.   Sofie, kauvoa-bea ee buxntøee ciu cviazøx Tiongbuun-tiexnnao ee cidee khwnjiao, zofgai-tiøh Taioaan zusixn-khøky ee sidcid hoattiern.

    Tuy tefngbin ee soatbeeng thafng zay, Taiguo ee tiexnnao-hoax na bøeq zhay'iong Harnji, ciu tekkhag tiøh tarn kaux cit'ee zengcib u tenglun ee bixlaai.     Lexnggoa cid'hongbin, Taiguo zoan'iong ee Harnji, bøexciør si bøo-pauhaam ti kokkaf sor kuiteng ee piauzurn Harnji-kuun-tiofng.

   Larn na ciaxmsii maix exng Tiongbuun-tiexnnao ee ieliam, laai kay'iong Hiexntai-Pengji, tidciab eng Taiguo khix zhauzog tiexnnao, afnny larn ciu tekkhag øe ti cit'ee kokzex-kexngzefng-tiofng chviwsien cidpo, kajip zusixn-hoax binzok ee cidee laq.    Ti Khøky-hoattiern-siong, Harnji si larn ee legsuo-pauhok, ar cidpaq-nii-cieen Engkog thoankaosw sor-hoatbeeng ho larn ee  impiaw-kiehø-heeng ee siafhoad, ma si afnny.    Larn mxthafng phøxsiuo ciah'ee, laai kuxzoat jinlui cirnpo ee khapo.   Larn tiøh ui larn ee kviafswn høfhør phahsngx.

4.  Taiguo-Bunsw ee Zuxtong-Zhwlie

¡@    Jinlui ee zuxjieen-gwgieen (natural languate) ee tiexnnao-zhuolie buxnt0ee, cviazar ciu khaisie siu laang giefnkiux-tharmth0r.    Goanlaai, thviati0h bof'cidciorng goaxkog-oexguo ciu zuxtong kofngzhud lie sor-liawkae ee oexguo ee kikhix, si laag kwkuo ylaai ee baxngsiorng.    Kietid, goxzap-goaxnii-cieen, pitciar bad thagkøex Jidpurn-laang ee jitoong khøhoarn-siawsoad, kitiofng ciu sudkib gwgieen-hoan'ek-ky ee sw'iong.    Zoeakin kuykøx-gøeh, ciaq khvoartiøh øextaxng ciofng Jidguo hoan'ek-zøx Engguo ee bii-tiexnnao ykefng cviuxchi.    Taioaan-oe tongjieen ma øexthafng zørkaux.

    Tiexnnao tharmthør zuxjieen-gwgieen ee khaisie si ti 1940-nii.   Citnii, H.Heaver thaau-cidpae khaihoad-zhud goansie ee gwgieen-hoan'ek-ky.     Mxkuo, khiog mafsiong hoatkiexn taixciex pexngbøo hiahniaq'tansuun.    Hoan'ek, paukoad-tiøh tuix nngxciorng gwgieen ee thiettøea liawkae.    Zu afnny, tng 1960-nitai, jinkafng-tiehui ee koanliam hengkhie y'au, ciu u bøexciør ee laang taujip ti bøeq ho tiexnnao "liawkae" bof'cidciorng zuxjieen-gwgieen (zw'iaux si Engguo) sor-siar⁺zhutlaai ee buncviw ee iesux.    Suxsit-siong, tiexnnao bøeq u lenglek khix liawkae buncviw-tiofng sof'thee ee buxntøee, ciaq øextaxng khix ui sof'mng ee su zørzhud tap'hok.   Khøfkiexn, bøeq afnnar ho tiexnnao khix liawkae cidciorng zuxjieen-gwgieen, ciu cviazøx 1980-nitai jiedmngg⁺khylaai ee kokkhøf-zoankaf-hexthorng (expert system) ee zoex-kipurn ee khørtøee.

    Bøeq liawkae cidphvy buncviw, tekkhag tiøh øexhiao thafng kayseg kitiofng gwkux ee hoxsiong-koanhe.    Zu afnny, larn tiøh ui tiexnnao khaihoad-zhud iciaux kai'zuxjieen-gwgieen ee bunhoad (grammar) khix kayseg buncviw ee lenglek.     Tiexnnao sofeng ee, si sorhak ee honghoad, sofie ciu su'iaux u cidthøx syn-sorhak.    1950-nitai, iuu N.Chomsky sor-hoatbeeng ee "Hengseg-gwgieen-hak (Formal Language)" khuikhea-liao buncviw ee phofseg-thengsu (parsing) ee nngfthea-kisut.    Iuu ciaf, larn ciu øexthafng khaisie ho tiexnnao khvoax-zay Taioaan-oe ee Hiexntai-buun laq.   Chiekhvoax exbin ee buncviw:

¡@Ti sitbang-tiofng teq zerngzad ee goar kab yn-lauxpe zørhøea zextiøh høefchiaf ciu hiorngtiøh lanpeeng tidtit khix, ia mxzay si uixtiøh symnih bogtek.

   Iciaux "iuu-ha orng-siong ee phofseg"  ee bunhoad-kayseg (syntactic analysis)-au, thafng zaiviar citphvy buncviw ee zwcie si:    "Goarn khix lambeeng", ia zaiviar goarn paukoad sviaflaang, goarn ee simthaix si sviafkhoarn, cit'ee simthaix ee khy'yn si symmih, køq goarn afnnar khix, afnnar pviecviaa hiorngtiøh lampeeng khix, ykip goarn khix ee toxngzog tongtiofng ee simthaix si afnnar, terng.
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    Oexguo si tidsvoax-heeng ee.      Citkhoarn cidkux-cidkux cixn⁺laai ee buncviw, kengkøex bunhoad-kaeseg y'au, ciu cviazøx pienkaix zerngkøx kiogsex ee keakox.    Zef ciuxsi buncviw ee hui'svoax-heeng-hoax (nonlinealization), tøxtix tuix suxthaix ee liawkae.

    Phofseg ee kangzog, tiøh khørtiøh tiexnnao tuix buntiofng ee Taiguo-gwsuu ee bunhoad-tøexui ee phvoartoaxn-lenglek.    Tiexnnao ti ciaf ia thafng eng pytuix-hoad.    Taiguo-gwsuu ee pengji-tegtefng kab pailiet-suxnsu si cviaa-iwhaux ee ikux.    Tuix tefngbin ee buncviw, eng pytuix-hoad thafng khvoarzhud khix, mxzay kab si si toxngsuu, køq iuu subøea-zoxsuu ~tiøh laai khvoarzhud zextiøh, hiorngtiøh, kab uixtiøh ia si toxngsuu.      In'ui Taiguo ee zoxtoxngsuu-auxbinn itteng si toxngsuu iafsi thoxngsuu-phvieguo, sofie ciu phvoartoaxn-zhud ti teq ee auxbin ee hafnkiexn ee gwsuu zerngzad ia khøfleeng si toxngsuu.    Bengsuu iafsi taixbengsuu ee phvoartoaxn u  (1) kipbut-toxngsuu ee auxbin, (2) si ee auxbin, (3) lienciab-suu ee ee thauzeeng, terng.

    Taioaan-laang bøo eng bunji ee zuokae ia thviaf-zay padlaang ee oe;  zef si  in'ui Taioaan-oe u cviaa-bengkhag ee bunhoad-theahe.   Bøhah bunhoad ee kofnghoad, laang thviaf⁺khylaai  ciu kafmkag koaekoaix.    Suijieen mxkvar tidciab ka laang cyzeg, simlai khiog kafmkag hef si ve'ar-oe (babytalk).     Le-juu, cientiesuu ti, ho, ka, tuix, tuy terng ee auxbin tekkhag tiøh khngx bengsuu iafsi taixbengsuu.     Zef si bunhoad ee kuiteng, mxkuo u cidkoar gyn'ar siongsioong hoaxntiøh zhørgo, ar hudliok-tiøh taixbengsuu y.    Chinchviu korng, ka y phaq kerngjieen kofngzøx ka phaq.

    ("ka", tuliao si cientiesuu ygoa, iao u khøfleeng si toxngsuu ka (to bite). Ve'ar-oe "ka ka" piawsi bite bite.      "Ka khvoarbai." si Try to bite.     Zhahjip taixbengsuu y, laai korng, "Ka y khvoarbai."  piawsi Just look at him. )

    Ysiong sofkorng ee tiexnnao-gwgieen-hak (computer linguistics) ee giefnkiux, ti Aubie ee gwgieen, ykefng si siongtofng u cirntiern, ar pviecviaa hiexnzwsii ee gwgieen-hak ee tharmthør tiongsym-khørtøee.     Tuie'uu Taioaan-oe, zef putkøx si cidee khaitoafn naxtvia.    Taioaan-oe ee buncviw-tiofng ee bunhoad-zhørgo (illegal syntax) ee siukae, bøkaang gw'ix-piawhien-hoad ee chiethaxm, tuix kithvaf gwgieen ee hoan'ek, ykip tngphvy-buncviw ee zuxtong teklok, tefngterng, lorng tiøh oafkhøx cit'ee.    Taiguo ee Hiexntai-bunsw-hoad ho Taiguo-buun cviazøx thafng eng jinkafng-tiehui-hoad laai tharmthør, giefnkiux køq khaihoad ee bunsw-hengthaix.      Laau⁺løqlaai ee, ciuxsi taixkef ee zuxkag kab loflek laq.

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5.  Taioaan-oe ee Zuxtong Kayseg kab Zhwlie

¡@Gwgieen-hak, zu-kor ylaai, hunpiet ciu susiar-gwgieen (written language) kab khawguo-gwgieen (oral language) laai tharmthør.   Cit'nngxee lorng si hiexntai-zusixn-khøhak  ee giefnkiux-khaihoad ee tuiesiong.      Zhwgoa, iao u sirnseggwgieen (signal language) juu chiwguo, kiguo terng.

     Tefngzad sor-lexsi ee Taiguo bunsw-hoad, ykip iuu cit'ee iensyn-zhutlaai ee Taiguo bunhoad, gwsuu-zohap-hoad, zengsu ee bunji piawhien-hoad terng, lorng siok ti susiar-gwgieen ee tharmthør-hoaxn'uii.

     Lexnggoa cid'hongbin, exngsym hoafnserng kaki ee gw'ym ia khøfzhad padlaang sofkorng ee oexym, laai giefnthør gw'ym ee hunlui, sengsu tuix sviaym-sviatiau ee efnghiorng ee kuizeg terng, ciu siok ti khawguo-gwgieen ee tharmthør-hoaxn'uii.

     Taioaan ee gwgieen-hak-zoankaf, kvafnar tegpiet aix zenglun Taiguo ee gw'ym-buxntøee.   Zef si in'ui ti Hiexntai-bunsw-hoad buxnsex yzeeng, Taiguo mxbad uxkøex Harnbuun ygoa ee cincviax ee susiar-gwgieen ho laang thøflun.     Khawguo-gw'ym ee giefnkiux, it'hioxng u hoat'ym-gwgieen-hak (articulatory phonetics), imhau-gw'ym-hak (acoustic phonetics) kab thviakag-gw'ym-hak (auditory  phonetics) sva'ee giefnkiux-honghioxng.     Uixtiøh itpvoaf-laang thafng liawkay sofkie ee si symmih'gw'ym, ia ciu u kokzex-impiaw-kiehø, kokguo-zuo'ym-kiehø terng ee gw'ym-biausut (phonetic description).    Iciaux gwgieen-hak ee kuiteng, engkay ciofng zef khngx ti impiaw-koat'oo ( [ ] ) ee laixbin, eng zef laai kab cviarkuy ee bunji hunpien.

    Le juu, Taiguo ee "jet-plain", siafzøx "phurnsiaxky [phu²n.sia³.ki¹];  ti ciaf, [ ]-lai ee gw'ym-biausut  sw'iong sorji-heeng ee lomar-peng'ym, kitiofng ia u piawsi hunpiet imzad ee bøsviaf-phierntoan (unvoiced segment) ee kiehø ( . ).

    "Gw'ym-biausut" mxsi zerngkuy-bunji.     Y sw'iong kok'heeng ee, siongtofng jixm'ix ee, bøo miaji ee kiehø.     Ciuxsi afnny, y bøextaxng arnciaux zerngsioong ee tak-jixbuo-miaa laai kie'ek ee gwsuu-pengji hagsip-hoad laai kietiau y ee pailiet suxnsu.

    Gw'ym-biausut si gw'ym ee zuokae;    larn tekkhag tiøh siefn tuix hit'ee gwkux u liawkae, ia bad y ee zwnkhag hoat'ym, ciaq øe ciartiøh zuxgvor-hoafnserng ee køeatheeng khix siarzhud y ee gw'ym biausut.

    "Zerngkuy-bunji" khiog si gwkux-hamgi ee iokteng.    Larn kietid "g-o-a-r" ciu thafng øqtiøh cidee gwsuu "goar".    Larn hagsip jixmhøo goaxkog-guo, lorng oafkhøx y ee bunji, jien'au uixtiøh bøeq kiuozexng gw'ym ciaq khix giefnsip kokkøx gwsuu ee gw'ym-biausut, cit'ee ciuxsi impiaw.

    Kin-svazap-nilaai, gw'ym-hak tioxngsyn siuxtiøh khøhak-kaf ee taixlek tharmthør, si kab zusixn-khøky ee hoattiern u koanlieen ee.     Larn hibang tiexnnao ee sujip, mxbiern eng afnkien-tvafji, ar thafng eng khaq-kirn køq bøe ciarm'iong siangchiuo ee oexguo-suleng.

    Khawthaau-bexngleng afnnar thoanjip tiexnnao-lai, ho y liawkae leq?    Svia'ym ciartiøh sviaphøf laai thoaan.    Bøkaang svia'ym u bøkaang ee sviaphøf, sofie kørpiet ee oexguo, tekkhag øe iuu sviaphøf ee hunseg laai hunpien.

   1978-nii cin'au, pitciar u zham'uo ti citciorng bøeq ho tiexnnao laai giefphvoax laang ee khwthaau-guo ee giefnkiux-kangzog.     Auxlaai in'ui bø'eeng ti zoankaf-hexthorng ee khaihoad, ciu bøo-køhzaix khix ciongsu cit'ee tiexnnao-gw'ym-hak (computer phonetics) ee tharmthør.     Kunkux pitciar sofzay, koklai hiexnzai u bøexciør ee laang teq cirnheeng cit'ee giefnkiux, ar Jit-Bie ee giefnkiux-sengkør kengkaf cviazøe, ykefng kaux sidiong ee kaitvoa.

     Gw'ym-phøheeng ee zhekchix-kayseg, iuu P. Vicence ti 1958-nii khaisie.     Y eng sva'ee bøkang pinlut ee kafmti-kix (150-900Hz,900-2200Hz,2200-5000Hz), muie-0.00001-biør zheg cidpae kiongto laai zøxzhud sviaphor, tngzøx bøkaang gw'ym ee hunpien-ikux.    Cit'ee kangzog laiw'au, Bykog ee kok'hoong-po u cip'heeng-køex   5-nii ee ARPA-kea'oeh, jien'au ciu u bøexciør giefnkiux-kikox ia ui zankaf-hexthorng ee khaihoad laai keasiok taujip siongtofng ee zukym laai hekteg chimjip ee sengkør.   Gw'ym ee kayseg, zuxjieen iensyn-kaux gw'ym ee tiexnnao-habseeng.    1983-nii sii, siøfsiør ee Apple-II bii-tiexnnao ykefng øexhiao korng Engguo laq.

    Engguo kab kithvaf Auciw ee gwgieen lorng siok ti liamsexng ee,  si gwsuu cviaa-iong'vi hap⁺khylaai ee gwgieen.    Tngf lie liensiok korng cidtvoa oe ee sizun, muykux gwsuu ee hoat'ym pexngbøe hunkhuy.     Citkvia suxsit ho Auciw ee gw'ym-zusixn-hagciar puttekpud horngkhie goansiefn ee "kolip-gwsuu piexnjin-ky (isolated-word recognition system, IHFS)" ee korsiorng, ar kae hioxn "oexguo-zerngthea liawkae-ky (s,peech understanding system SUS)" ee khaihoad-giefnkiux.

    Iciaux pitciar ee zhopo giefnkiux, Taioaan-oe khiog siongtofng boafnciog thafng eng kafn'vi ee IHRS laai ka oexguo piern'voa-zøx Hiexntai-bunsw-hoad ee buncviw, jien'au køq eng cienzad ee Taiguo-bunsw zhwlie-thengseg khix zhwlie.     Cysi, kofng'oe ee laang tiøh liawkae tuiehofng si tiexnnao, ar ciu chinchviu teq tuix goaxkog-laang kofng'oe hitkhoarn, muykux-muykux bøkaf subøea-zoafntiau laai korng ho y thviaf.

    Tiexnnao tiøh kie'eg ee kipurn gwsuu, su'iaux sva'siezhefng-kux.    Goarn ti cit'hongbin ee giefnkiux-khaihoad, u cviaa-koaan ee sidiong-sexng.    Kantvaf kie'eg sofzap-kux ee gwkux laai hunpien ee kikhix ia u sionggiap-keatat.

    Ti Taioaan, ykefng khaihoad-zhud cviaa-lienkex ee gw'ym-zhwlie-ky (Bykym kuykhof), ar lixiong y sor-zøxzhud ee chitthøo-mih ykip chiaterng-tiexn'oe ia ykefng bøe⁺zhutlaai laq.    Hef ciaux lie ee svia'ym ka sorbak kie'eg⁺khylaai, ar tngf lie køhzaix kiøx ee sii ciu eng lie ee svia'ym khix zuxtong ciapthofng tiexn'oe.

    Bøeq ho tiexnnao liawkae lie sor-korng ee cidtvoa iefnsoad, ciu tiøh ho y u lenglek ciofng lie ee oexguo-sviaphøf, zoafn'voa-zøx Hiexntai-bunsw-hoad ee buncviw.    Ti cit'ee sizun, u siongtofng zøe ee buxntøee.

    Kitiofng, zoex-giamtiong ee, ciuxsi lie ee Taioaan-oe ee hoat'ym.     Sorzap-nilaai, larn ittit mxbad sidheeng zerngsioong ee Taioaan-oe gw'ym-gwbuun ee kaoiok, soax ho itpvoaf-laang mxzay symmih si zerngkhag ee Taioaan-oe ee hoat'ym.    Cviazøe laang zuxjim øexhiao korng Taioaan-oe, mxkuo y sor-kofngzhud ee si luixkin Pakkviaf-oe ee gw'ym.

     Larn teq thviaf padlaang kofng'oe ee sizun, toaxpvoax ti simlai siefn u upi, sofie kofng'oe ee laang ee khaw'ym lixphor larn ia øe liawkae y ee iesux.   Tiexnzuo-gikhix ee tiexnnao, khiog bøbøeq thofng'ioong.    Thoanjip ee sviaphøf, zoafn'voa-zøx pengji y'au, na ti sului-tiofng zhøe-bøextiøh engkay tuie'exng ee gwsuu ee sizun, tiexnnao ciu bøo-paxnhoad liawkae lie sor-korng ee oe.    Khøfkiexn, zerngkhag ee Taioaan-oe gw'ym ee hurnlien si sw'iong citlui zuxtong-hoax kangkhu ee sienkoad tiaukvia.

    Larn ee Taiguo-lauxsw, ykip gw'ym-hak ee hagciar ti bixlaai ee zusixn-hoax siaxhoe-tiofng sor-tvaf ee jixmbu, thafng iuu tefngbin ee soatbeeng-tiofng khvoarsud si joaxniq'tang ee laq.   Hibang taixkef tiøh aix kirnsin.
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6.  Kietguo

        Gwgieen si oah⁺ee.    Y suxntiøh hoankerng ee piernchiefn kab khøky-bunbeeng ee iefncixn, puttoan teq zorngtai køq bengkhag-hoax.    Ti lexnggoa cid'hongbin, jiogsex ee gwgieen khiog sisioong bixntuix-tiøh siu-tonghoax, siu-oafkae ee guiky.    Hiexnzai ee Taioaan-laang ee gwgieen, ciuxsi afnny ee jiogsex gwgieen.    Jukym, tuhuy iwseg-cy-su øe kipsii zuxkag, eng lefngzeng busw ee simhoaai, loflek tioxngkiexn Taioaan-oe kai'iuo ee hongmau, kiernlip y ee kunky, zekkek thuitiern kaoiok, na bøo. tekkhag øe tiogciam siausid ti laang ee kie'eg-cy-goa, ar Taioaan-laang ia ciu hoarzøx bøo pwnsyn ee kørsexng ee zogkuun. .
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       Gwgieen ee kunky ti y ee bunsw-hoad.    Bøo zunzai gwbuun, ciu jixmhøo gwgieen lorng øe soejiok ar siauthøex.    Bøo-tekkhag uxlaang øe sviuxkorng, goarn øexthafng sw'iong log'imky laai kielok laang ee taxm'oe, ho y efng'oarn ti⁺teq.   Mxkuo log'ym ee khawguo si sie ee, y bøe sengtiorng.    Eng zuo'ym-kiehø laai taixthøex log'ym, ia si afnny.    Taioaan cidpahnii-laai, khawguo-bunhak ee pinjiok, ykip bincioxng bøe siafzhud zuxsyn ee khawguo ee sidhorng, hit'ee zw'yn zaixti ciøfsox cytø-ciar tuix zuo'ym-kiehø ee kionggve kienchii.   Kisit, yn-pwnsyn ia in'ui zuo'ym-kiehø ee bøo-hablie, soax mxbad laau symmih'khoarn cviakhoarn ee bøfguo tuozog.   Zaiviar hit'ee khwnlaan, ciu mxthafng ciofng hef kiongzex ti tongpaw⁺aq.

     Kaesiau Hiexntai-bunsw-hoad, ho e-cidtai ee laang hagsip køq kie'eg, ar erng'iong ti jidsioong-seng'oah-cy-tiofng,køq ho yn khix tuikiuu cyn-sien-bie ee simleeng kefngkaix, si kin'afjit larn Taioaan-laang sor-tiøh ui larn ee bixlaai khix loflek ee cidee tioxngtiarm.

     21-seakie si beeng-hux-kisit ee zusixn-sitai.    Jixmhøo suxbu lorng li-bøexkhuytiexnnao, li-bøexkhuy zusixn-zhwlie.   Citsii, larn-zogkuun engkay afnnar zuxzhuo, nae-si larn puttekput chimlu ee khørtøee.

       Hiexntai-bunsw-hoad ee kaoiok-lyliam si, chinchviu Engbuun, Hoatbuun ee kaoiok-hoad hitkhoarn, ho gyn'ar ti yn ee sengtiorng-køeatheeng-tiofng, tiogpo kie'eg sinpvy ee gwsuu-pengji, øe eng hef laai siafzog.    Larn sw'iong Engbuun laai siafphøef ee sii ee suxnthioxng, si in'ui larn ykefng kie'eg-hør hiah'ee Engbuun-gwsuu ee pengji.   Na iaokiuu lie sw'iong kokzex-impiaw, exngsym hunseg muy'cidkux ee gw'ym laa siar Engguo ee phøef, mxzay lie u hit'ee naixsym iar bøo?    cidpaq-nii-cieen, Barclay Phoksu ee naixsym, khaksit ho larn thafng kernggiorng, mxkuo y ylaai ciu bøo-køhzaix u kuy'ee afnny ee Taioaan-laang laq.

      Hiexntai-bunsw-hoad ciofng thawpaxng Taioaan-laang ee simleeng, ho yn thafng eng tvafjixky, bunsw-zhwlyky iafsi tiexnnao, zuxiuu-zuxzai ciofng simlai ee oexguo siar⁺zutlaai.

      Pitciar zu siehøex-khie (1934) ti Tailaam Thaepengkerng Tviwlør Kaohoe hagsip laai sw'iong Kaohoe Peqoe-buun kaux hiexnzai ykefng 56-nii, tuix citthøx  impiaw-hoad ee tngtøea u siongsøex ee thefhoe.    Pitciar tamjim tviwlør ykip Taixzoafn-suxkafng Uy'oaan cviazøe-nii, khaksid øextaxng ciofng kaohoe sof'eng ee Lomafji Serngkefng-Serngsy thak-kaux zuxjieen køq kirn.   Mxkuo zoadtuix bøbøeq in'ui kaki u cit'hang lenglek ciu khix zofcie Taioaan-oe gwbuun ee hiexntai-hoax.   Zittai sor-zøxgu ee bøo-hablie, bøexsae ho e-cidtai køqzaix keasiok⁺løqkhix.     Hablie-hoax si hiexntai-hoax ee zwnzeg.   Hiexnzai ui kaki ee hongpien, kienchii bøo-hablie ee impiaw-hoad, laai ho larn-zogkuun kim'au ee hoattiern siuxtiøh zofgai, si uipoe Kitog-too ee liongsym ee.

    Goarn bad eng kek-giamkixn ee thaixto, zørkøex  sw'iong Lomafji-impiaw-kiehø ee Taiguo-buun ee tiexnnao-hoax ee giefnkiux.    Kietkør ia in'ui hiah'ee sviatiau-kiehø ee laixmar-anpaai laai soankøx sitpai.     Hef si kegke hauxlut ee bøhah zusixn-khøky zhwlie-goanzeg ee miqkvia.    Gwbuun ee tiexnnao-hoax-hexthorng mxna ti bunji-kiehø ee tiefnsi kab irnsoad naxtvia, y eng ti tiexnnao-kie'eg-laixpo ee khoaesog zuxtong-zhwlie zøx tiongsym ee khørtøee.    Y paukoad zuxtong-paisu kab phvoartoaxn.    Hiah'ee sviatiau-kiehø ho ciah'ee laixpo-zokgiap  cviazøx bøo-khøfleeng.

    Iuu goarn køeakhix tønii-laai ti Taioaan-oe ee tiexnnao-hoax sor-he ee giefnkiux-kenggiam, chimty Hiexntai-bunsw-hoad ciaq si Taioaan-laang bøeq sengzuun ti zusixn-sitai ee i'id hibang.     Eng cit'ee, goarn  zu khythaau khaisie, ciu lolek teq khaihoad-zhud cidthøx hiexntai-hoax ee gwbuun.    Hef ciuxsi bengkhag køq bøo-hamhoo ee gwbuun.    Cit'hang loflek ee sengkør, kerngjieen ho Taioaan-oe ti pengji-buun ee hengthaix-ha, cviazøx gw'ix bengkhag ee bunbeeng-kokkaf ee gwbuun, ia ho y ti tehbøeq lailiim ee zusixn-sekaix⁺nih, øe eng tiexnnao laai zøx zuxtong-zhwlie.

    Pharnbong ti kokgoa ee Taioaan-laang ee zusixn-khøhak-kaf, maix cip'ix ti koflor ee Harnbuun iafsi Lomar-impiaw-kiehø-hoad, laai tiøqchiuo zøx Taiguo-buun ee tiexnnao-hoax.     Zef si in'ui hef itteng øe toløo-bukofng ee.    Taioaan-laang ee zusixn-siaxhoe na eng Hiexntai-bunsw-hoad laai kiernlip, ciu tekkhag øe sirnsog tadseeng lysiorng, ar ho larn ee e-cidtai øe zesyn ti hiexntai-binzok-cy-liet.

    Ti taixkef khaisie loflek bøeq hoehog Bøfguo ykip Hiongthor-bunge ee sit'ee sizun, chviar siongsixn, Taioaan-oe ee Hiexntai-bunsw-hoad si thafng kab Aubie hiah'ee bunbeeng kokkaf ee bunsw-hoad svaf-pengkien ee.     Taioaan-oe zoadtuix mxsi bøo-kiuo'iøh ee gwgieen.    Chviar eng wyn ee sirnsym khix loflek khaihoad, ciu thafng kithai-tiøh Taioaan-laang u kngbeeng ee bixlaai.
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